Have you ever needed a welder but then found yourself overwhelmed and confused by all the different welding options?
You're are not alone. The question, “Which is my best option: an Orion pulse arc welder, or a Dado laser welder, or a full-size benchtop laser welder?” is frequently a matter of discussion on social media. And it's also a question that is asked to every Sunstone micro welding consultant on a daily basis.
Community-generated feedback is great, because those providing the answers have hands-on experience and can share their own testimonials about what they like or dislike, what has worked or not worked, and what they would recommend based on their needs and experiences. But pay close attention to the last part of that previous statement. The answers are all based on their needs and experiences. Their needs and experiences are unique to them and might not match your needs and experiences. So, I will try and provide an answer that is based less on opinion and instead focus on each option's advantages and capabilities.
The short answer to the question is "It depends." Both pulse arc and laser welders can achieve very similar results. But the technologies work in very different ways. Here's how:
Pulse arc welding consists of a negative-charged tungsten electrode and a positive-charged grounding clip. The work piece is connected to the positive-charged grounding clip.
Next, the welding process consists of the following steps or events:
The key advantages and unique features of pulse arc welding are:
Laser welders operate in a very different manner. Using a flash lamp, a neodymium (Nd) dipped crystal, some mirrors, and focusing optics, lasers welders are able to use light to impact the surface of a work piece with enough force to heat the metal and change it from a solid state to a liquid state. The most critical parameters on a laser welder are the weld power, weld length, and the spot size diameter. Fine-tuning these three parameters allows operators to create ideal welds for all their applications.
The key advantages or unique selling features of laser welders are:
Comparing the pulse arc and the laser, the welding processes are quite different, but the weld results are quite similar. Looking at the image below, it might be difficult to identify which weld was made using a pulse arc welder, and which was made using a laser welder.
Both technologies can achieve successful results for many different applications including repairing chains, resizing rings, re-tipping prongs, custom fabrication. If you are more likely to do lower volumes, more conductive metals (silver, copper, etc.), basic (low priced) repairs, then a pulse arc welder might be a better fit.
Alternatively, if you need to perform high volumes of welds, very thin-walled pieces, unique and hard-to-reach welds, or high-end repair jobs, then a laser welder will generally be a better option.
Many of these and other traits and applications have been summarized into the following chart:
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Capital Investment |
Small to Medium |
Small $4k |
Large $15k-$25k |
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Bench Space Requirements |
Small |
Small |
Medium-Large |
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Metal Strengths |
Shiny, Conductive (Silver, Copper) |
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Metal Weaknesses |
Low conductivity metals such as “pot-metal” or costume jewelry |
Silver, conductive metals (silver, copper) |
Silver, conductive metals (silver, copper) |
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Min/Max Weld Energy |
0.2 – 250 Joules |
0.9 – 10.8 Joules |
0.2 – 180 Joules |
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Min/Max Spot Size |
0.1 – 4.5mm |
0.2 – 2.0 mm |
0.1 – 2.0 mm |
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Heat Affected Zone |
Depends on weld energy, higher energy results in larger heat affected zone. For typical jewelry applications, HAZ is minimal. |
Depends on weld energy, higher energy results in larger heat affected zone. For typical jewelry applications, HAZ is minimal. |
Depends on weld energy, higher energy results in larger heat affected zone. For typical jewelry applications, HAZ is minimal. |
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Best Uses Strategic/Tech Advantages |
Repair |
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Production, high volumes |
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Automation Capable |
Depends on the make/model |
None |
Depends on the make/model |
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Weld Access |
If you can touch it with the weld electrode, you can weld it |
If you can see it through the optics, you can weld it |
If you can see it through the optics, you can weld it |
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Personal Safety |
Arc will only weld metal |
Laser will weld anything it hits, including skin and eyes |
Laser will weld anything it hits, including skin and eyes |
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Workpiece Safety |
Arc will only weld metal. It will never send weld energy directly into a stone or other non-metal object |
Laser will weld anything it hits, including stones or other non-metal objects |
Laser will weld anything it hits, including stones or other non-metal objects |
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Maintenance Costs |
Minimal- maintain sharp, clean electrodes. 5000 welds/$3 electrode. |
Minimal- Replace flashlamp after 3 million welds ($275). No water filter to replace. |
Minimal to Moderate- depends on usage and manufacturer design. Replacement flashlamps after 5 million+ welds. Some have additional water filter requirements. |
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ROI |
ROI will depend on what jobs its being used for as well as the frequency of use. A benchtop that is being used to close jump rings on a charm bracelet 1-2 times per week will have terrible ROI. An entry-level pulse arc would be better suited for this application. A factory with high-volume through put would benefit more from a laser than a pulse arc because the laser won’t have any down time for grinding and cleaning electrodes. The laser has the potential to be automated as well. |
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Preference |
You are the only one who can judge or rate this topic. The best thing you can do is go try every option and see what you like best. Take actual pieces that you work with and see what works best for your personal designs and pieces. What works best for one jeweler may not be what works best for another. |
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I reached out to a friend in the industry, Mr. Jeff Georgantes, who currently works as the head of the Jewelry/Metals program at Dartmouth College, to get his take on the topic. Here is what he had to say:
"Many people think that lasers are always best. But I want to propose that that is not true. For example, lasers are excellent with gold and platinum, but precision arc welders are a little better with silver, copper, brass. Lasers do not have deep penetration. They create more of a surface weld vs. a deep weld. Precision arc welders generally have more power and often weld with deeper penetration.
"Both lasers and precision arc welders do similar things, but they weld in very different ways.
"How so? Let’s look at each option. With arc welding, the most simplistic explanation is that if you take positive and negative leads and touch them together, you get a really hot spark. Precision arc welding does that in a very controlled way. (There is obviously more to it, like creating plasma).
"Lasers, on the other hand, weld with a highly concentrated beam of infrared light.
"I think it is easiest to think of lasers like water in a household garden hose. The pressure coming from the spigot that the garden hose is attached to has a certain pressure coming out of it. If the nozzle on the spray end of the hose is open all the way, you get a stream of water that is wide and heavy but does not go very far. If you close the nozzle to constrict the stream of water, you will get a thinner stream of water that goes farther and with more force. Lasers work like that. You can control the width and power of the laser beam. A wider beam with the same power will have less strength than a narrow beam. You cannot really make that fine adjustment with an arc welder.
"The answer to the question then is if you work primarily with gold and platinum and do a lot of fine metal repair work, a laser is probably a better option. If you work primarily with silver, brass & copper, a precision arc welder is perhaps a better option. Both lasers and arc welders can work with any of those metals, but they each have different strengths. Again, a laser welder isn’t always the best option for all jewelers."
After presenting the strengths and unique features of both technologies, I want to propose that we alter the original question of “which is better” and instead replace it with questions like “would my work piece benefit more from arc welding or laser welding?” Or, better yet, “how can I benefit from investing in both technologies and maximizing my welding capabilities? Which common jobs could I speed up or simplify if I had a laser welder, and which jobs could be improved with using pulse arc welding?”
Perhaps you can find strategic arguments for both technologies.
I have traveled the world and everywhere I’ve been I have tried my best to educate people about the differences and advantages of each, with the ultimate goal to showcase how both welding technologies can complement the other. Sometimes it helps to I ask the following questions:
How many different pliers do you have on your bench? Why do you have so many pliers? What purpose is there in having a dozen different pliers?
You may answer that each pair of pliers serves a different purpose; each is specialized and has unique features and capabilities. I would argue that comparing a pulse arc welder to a laser welder is no different from any two different pliers. You can get by with just one and make it work. But using one pair of pliers for everything would mean that you would be losing out on the benefits of using a tool/plier/welder that is better suited for each different application.
Sunstone's welding lab is ready to test pulse arc and laser welding on your work piece. Simply complete our micro weld application form and we'll work with you to determine which technology is best for your particular application, with no obligation or cost on your part.
Call or text us at +1 801-658-0015 today.